Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example had shares with a nominal value of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds which were divided equally among the four founders. XYZ Ltd. was to own all the copyrights for band’s songs which were given to the company as a consideration for the allotted shares. The four shareholders also were the directors of XYZ Ltd. Employment of Xavier as the managing director of the company followed where he was to receive an annual salary of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds. Distributable yearly profits by the company were to be paid to the shareholders as dividends but the shareholders never received a single payment in dividends. Personal issues arose amongst the band members and this brought about differences between some XYZ Ltd.’s shareholders and directors causing the band members to split and form a new band. XYZ Ltd.’s existence had led to the formation of another company XYZ Concerts Ltd. to manage and run a performance tour that was to be TUVW band in the UK in 201 0. All issued shares of XYZ Concerts Ltd were held by the mother company, XYZ Ltd. The responsibilities of XYZ Concerts Ltd. ... Xavier hired Cold Chocolate PR Consultants to help improve the band’s image in May 2011. This was after Mitt pressed Xavier to improve the bands image before the release of a new album that TUVW was working on. Cold Chocolate PR Consultants spent a hundred thousand pounds for their work and the hired consultants continued working till the end of 2011 even though the bands reputation remained extremely bad and appalling. Xavier employed Yvonne as the production manager in July 2011 and they both subsequently entered into a contract with Jump Records to produce the next five albums for the band. A payment of twenty five thousand pounds was made to XYZ Ltd. by Jump records as an advance to the total payment for the five records. Due to the bad blood between the bad members, the band never met in a single occasion since March of 2011 and two of the band members had already formed another band. In January 2012, XYZ Ltd. was pronounced insolvent though its books of account showed th at the company had been insolvent since the beginning of the previous year, January 2011. At that time, the company owed the shareholders an equivalent of all dividends due to them since its incorporation, The Wyatt Hotel an equivalent of all bills incurred during their UK tour, Cold Chocolate PR Consultants an equivalent of their contracted amount as well as the amount paid by Jump Records as an advance totalling to twenty five thousand pounds. The liquidator deduced that the worth of the company as at January 2012 which was solely in the form of song copyrights was five hundred thousand pounds. Some of the issues arising in this case are discussed hereafter. First and foremost, no dividends were paid to any of the shareholders of XYZ Ltd. since its incorporation in

Financial Analysis of BLD Plantation Bhd

Financial Analysis of BLD Plantation Bhd 1.1 Sime Darby Plantation Bhd According to Sime Darby (2013), the Sime Darby Plantation is the plantation and agribusiness arm of Sime Darby Berhad, at which has incorporated over 15 countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand and so on. It was founded in 1910 and growth to become the largest conglomerate in Malaysia. However, it is the one of largest palm oil producer in the world which produce 2.47 million tones of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) output annually. Bloomberg (n.d) states that Sime Darby Plantation Bhd was mainly engages in upstream activities such as oil palm and rubber plantation development, cultivation, and downstream activities. The company was involved in the manufacturing of oils and fats products, and other fast moving consumer goods. The company was incorporated in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia during 2004 with other offices in Indonesia and India (Bloomberg, n.d). Besides, its downstream operations are divided into 2 sectors, that is food and nonfood. For food sector, CPO was manufactured into different types of oils and fat products such as cooking oil, margarine and cooking fats. The company also produces the customized products to meet their customers need and satisfaction. In nonfood sector, it was involved in the manufacturing of oleochemicals and biodiesel. In 2016, the company has commenced the first large scale planting of Genome Select high yielding oil palms, which allow themselves to produce mire oil in existing land. 1.2 BLD Plantation Bhd The BLD Plantation Bhd (BLDP) was incorporated in Malaysia as a public limited company under the Companies Act 1965 in October 2001. It was listed on main market of Bursa Malaysia under plantation sector on 2003 and served as parent company to Bintulu Lumber Development Sdn Bhd, Grand Mutual Sdn Bhd, and so on. According to Worldwide Company Profile (2011), the company was principally engaged in investing holding and provision of management services whereas the principal activities of group are cultivation of oil palm, processing of fresh fruit bunches and sales of related products. The Sarawak based BLD Plantation Group was mainly involved in cultivation of oil palm, processing of fresh fruit bunches into CPO and related products. The company was also involved in cattle farming and timber business but it has gradually declined and phased out in 2004. However, the company has produces the CPO and palm kernel (PK) and only sold to Bintulu Edible Oils Sdn Bhd (BEO), which is the major palm oil refinery in Sarawak. 1.3 Riverview Rubber Estates Bhd Riverview Rubber Estates Bhd is a publicly traded company which operates in the agricultural sector in Malaysia (Worldwide Company Profile, 2012). It was mainly involved in the cultivation of oil palm. However, it was incorporated in 1936 and has registered Headquarter in Ipoh, Malaysia. In 2006, the company had produced approximately 43,651 tons of fresh fruit bunches. Moreover, it was interested in two associated companies, that is Narborough Plantations company which is interests in the operation of oil palm plantations and Rivaknar Holdings Sdn Bhd which principally involved in investment holding. Riverview Rubber Estates is listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad and London Stock Exchange (Worldwide Company Profile, 2012). 1.4 IJM Plantation Bhd IJM is one of Malaysias leading conglomerates which was listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. The company has embraced the theme Nurturing Sustainability for its long-term success in agribusiness that are related to oil palm supply chain. However, they have their own vision and mission statements. Their vision statement is To be a leading regional plantation group while the mission statements is To uphold the highest standards of performance in our plantation and agribusiness. The companys theme Nurturing sustainability remain their long term success in oil palm business venture. As the group progresses, it has adopted and implemented strategies to embrace the pillar of performance, the productivity and innovations, and the care for environment. IJM Plantation Berhad was also listed on Bursa Malaysia in 2003. However, it represents one of the 5 main division of IJM group. 1.5 Innoprise Plantation Berhad The Innoprise Plantation Berhad is a Sabah based company listed on main board of Bursa Malaysia (RSPO, n.d). The company was undertaking planting and development at which have approximately 22,763 hectares of forest reserves land in Tawau, Sabah. However, the company has disposed the downstream wood product assets and start to refocus on oil palm. The company was planning to complete planting at which estimated 13,929 hectares of planted oil palm in 2013. In 2006, the company was entered into contract with its major shareholder, Rakyat Berjaya Sdn Bhd to log over 30,000 hectares of Kuamut Forest Reserve over 10 years. This operation is to provide medium term revenue and partial funding for companys oil palm development project. Besides, Innoprise Group was highly emphasized on Corporate Social Responsibility as it recognizes the community, employees and the environment as stakeholders. With the limited resources, the company will continue to make contribution towards development of t he community especially education, sports and poverty alleviation. No. Company Name Data 1 Sime Darby Plantation 0.00221000 2 BLD Plantation 0.00893000 3 Riverview Rubber Estate 0.00599135 4 IJM Plantation 0.00552490 5 Innoprise Plantation BHD 0.01047740 6 KLCI 0.00289210 3.1 Expected Return Based on the expected return table above, we can know that the highest expected return among few companies from 2007 to 2016 is Innoprise Plantation Bhd. On the other hand, the lowest expected return among few companies from 2007 to 2016 is Sime Darby Plantation. Expected return is the amount of profit or loss that an investor expected on the investment that has various known or called as expected rates of return. Expected return is important to be calculate. This is because it can predict the future value of a portfolio and provide guidance from which to measure actual returns. Expected return is always calculate based on the historical data and is not guaranteed. (Investopedia, 2017) Expected return is also known as a process of determining the average expected probability of different types of rates of return that are possible on a given assets. There are some factors to determine the expected return which are different market conditions and an assets beta. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). The most important factor that affect the expected return is the stock price. The formula that calculate expected return is as below: Expected return, E(r)= 1/ TÆ ©t=1 r(i,j) Innoprise Plantation Bhd has a highest expected return from 2007 to 2016 compared to these companies. High expected return indicates that the higher risk, the higher the volatility and return potential. (Chirantan Basu, 1995). Based on the historical data, we can know that the highest price among these few year was RM1.85546 on July 2012 while the lowest was RM0.28545 on Dec 2008. Moreover, we can know that the stock price for each month has changed drastically especially the stock price has increased from RM0.46624 per share to RM0.942 per share on April 2010 according to the historical data. It increased by RM0.47576 per share on that time. On 12 April 2010, according to the Capital Reconstruction Exercise, the existing issued and paid-up share capital of the company of RM112,500,000 comprising 112,500,000 ordinary shares which are RM1 per share was reduced to RM 56,250,000 comprising 112,500,000 ordinary share of the company. Therefore, the entire paid-up share capital of 112,500,000 ordinary shares of RM0.50 per share were consolidated into 56,250,000 ordinary shares which are RM1 per share. (Annual Report of Innoprise Plantation Bhd, 2010) Subsequent to the Capital Reconstruction Exercise, the issued and paid up ordinary share capital of the company was increased from RM56,250,000 to RM188,611,300 by the way of the issuance of 132,361,300 ordinary shares which are RM1 per share for cash based on the Rights Issue Exercies for working capital purposes. The new ordinary shares have the same right in all respects with the existing shares of the company. (Annual Report of Innoprise Plantation Bhd, 2010) On the other hand, Sime Darby Plantation Bhd has lowest expected return from 2007 to 2016 compared to these few companies. Based on the historical data, we can know that the highest price among these few year was RM11.90 on January 2016 while the lowest price was RM5.20 on January 2015. Based on the graph of stock price from 2007 to 2016 in Sime Darby Plantation Bhd in appendix, we can know that the stock price among these few year were moved stability from 2007 to 2014. Start from 2015 to 2016, it was dramatically changed. The highest expected return in Sime Darby was 0.24064 on November 2015. The stock price was increased from RM9.35 per share to RM11.60 per share suddenly at that period. During the financial year 2015, the company increased its issued and paid-up ordinary share capital from RM3,032,053,404 to RM3,105,579,143 by the way of issuance of 147,051,477 new ordinary shares of RM0.50 per share at an issue price of RM8.94 per share amounting to RM1,314.6 million, according to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan of the company. The new ordinary shares have the same right in all respects with the existing shares of the company. (Annual Report of Sime Darby Plantation Bhd, 2015) No. Company Name Data 1 Sime Darby Plantation 0.05695000 2 BLD Plantation 0.06363000 3 Riverview Rubber Estate 0.00709225 4 IJM Plantation 0.00681400 5 Innoprise Plantation BHD 0.00938350 6 KLCI 0.03652390 3.2 Standard Deviation In finance, standard deviation is commonly explained as the annual rate of return of an investment to measure the investments volatility. We calculate the standard deviation of different company by using the formula below.    Standard Deviation = [1/n * (ri rave)2] ½   Ã‚   Where:ri = actual rate of returnrave = average rate of returnn = number of time periods Standard deviation is important for an investor to make investment decision. Why do we say so? Because standard deviation measure the dispersion about an average, illustrating how widely a return may varied over time. Therefore, investor tend to predict the range of rate of return by using the standard deviation of historical performance. For an example, a fund or stock with high standard deviation of rate of return, the predicted range of performance is vast, resulting in higher volatility. Without standard deviation, you cannot define or evaluate whether a data given is to the average or the data is spread out over a wide range. On the other hand, by using standard deviation, investor can have a much clear expectation of an investment before doing any investment decision. If a funds return follow the normal distribution, approximately 68% of the time will fall within one standard deviation of the mean return and approximately 98% of the time within two standard deviation. (Morningstar Investing Glossary) Lets say if fund A have an expected annual return of 20% and its standard deviation is 4%, then investor would expect a return between 16% and 24% about 68% of the time and between 12% and 28% about 98% of the time. From the table above, we can see that BLD Plantation has the highest standard deviation compare to the other four company. As we know that, higher standard deviation means that the investment will differ a lot from the average return. In other word, you can make high return from the investment but also make big loss in the investment as the return is high the risk is also high. BLD Plantation have the highest standard deviation, therefore the company may provide higher return but the level of variation is high which mean the investment return is not consistent. Investment in this company may have higher risk compare to the other 4 company. With a standard deviation of 6.36%, which mean the investment return may differ from the mean about 6.36% lower or higher. In the other hand, we can see that IJM Plantation has the lowest standard deviation compare to the other four company. It means that IJM Plantation may be generating lower investment return but the volatility is low which large variation are unlikely to occur. An investor who do not want to take higher risk will invest in this company as the lower standard deviation can prevent the investor to lose too much as it doesnt deviate from the mean value too much. Although BLD Plantation has the highest standard deviation, but looking at the standard deviation as a whole, these five companies still consider as company with low standard deviation in generating investment return. No. Company Name Data 1 SD vs BLD -0.000166 2 SD vs RV -0.000272 3 SD vs IJM -0.000168 4 SD vs Inno -0.000533 5 SD vs KLCI -0.000201 6 BLD vs RV 0.001854 7 BLD vs IJM 0.002451 8 BLD vs Inno 0.003689 9 BLD vs KLCI 0.001275 10 RV vs IJM 0.001862 11 RV vs Inno 0.001465 12 RV vs KLCI 0.000785 13 IJM vs Inno 0.001725 14 IJM vs KLCI 0.001340 15 Inno vs KLCI 0.002270 3.3 Covariance SD Sime Darby BLD BLD RV Riverview IJM IJM Inno Innoprise KLCI KLCI Based on the covariance table above, we can know that the highest covariance from 2007 to 2016 among these few companies is BLD Plantation Bhd versus Innoprise Plantation Bhd. On the other hand, the lowest covariance from 2007 to 2016 among these few companies is Sime Darby Plantation Bhd versus Innoprise Plantation Bhd. Covariance is a measurement of how much two random variables vary together. It is almost like variance but variance only give the information about the single variable varies while covariance give the information about the two variables vary together. A large covariance indicates that a strong relationship between variables while a weak covariance indicates that a strong relationship between variables in a different data set with different scales. (Statistics How To, 2017) We calculate the covariance to measure the linear relationship between two variables and understand the direction of the relationship between variables. Covariance figures are not standardized. Hence, the covariance figure can range from negative figure until infinity to positive figure until infinity. (Minitab Express, 2016). In a simply words, the positive covariance indicate that the two variables are moving together or varying directly while the negative covariance indicate that the two variables are moving in the opposite direction or varying inversely. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017) Based on the table above, we can know that BLD plantation Bhd and Innoprise Plantation Bhd have positive covariance which is 0.003689. It indicates that both companies tend to increase together. By looking the graph of stock price from 2007 to 2016 in BLD Plantation Bhd and Innoprise Plantation Bhd in appendix, we can see that both companies has increased and decreased at the same direction. When BLD Plantation Bhd has increased the stock price which from RM8.38 per share to RM8.64 per share on July 2012, Innoprise Plantation Bhd has also increased the stock price which from RM1.42728 per share to RM1.85546 per share on July 2012. This shows that both companies had moving together and grow at the same direction. By the calculation of covariance among these two companies, we can know that these companies have strong relationship between each other. In contrast, Sime Darby Plantation Bhd and Innoprise Plantation Bhd have negative covariance which is -0.000533. It indicates that one of these companies tend to increase as the other companies decrease. By looking the graph of stock price from 2007 to 2016 among Sime Darby Plantation and Innoprise Plantation Bhd, we can know that Sime Darbys stock price remained slightly from 2007 to 2014 and had fluctuated from 2015 to 2016. On the other hand, stock price in Innoprise Plantation Bhd has fluctuated from 2007 to 2016. This indicates that both of the companies did not have increase or decrease at the same direction. Hence, Sime Darby Plantation Bhd and Innoprise Plantation Bhd have negative covariance. When Sime Darby Plantation Bhd has increased from RM9.35 per share to RM11.60 per share on November 2015, Innoprise Plantation Bhd has decreased from RM1.40824 per share to RM1.3226 per share on November 2015. This shows that both companies had moving in the opposite direction. No. Company Name Data 1 Sime Darby Plantation -0.15067000 2 BLD Plantation 0.95540000 3 Riverview Rubber Estate 0.58830585 4 IJM Plantation 1.00599700 5 Innoprise Plantation BHD 1.70142429 3.4 Beta Beta is commonly defined as a measure of the volatility or the systematic risk of a portfolio or securities comparing with the market as a whole. In other word, beta values are also considering as a tool used to compare each individual stock to the market performance by evaluating the relationship of a stock movement with the market itself. Beta values are one of the several values that investor use to analyse the companys risk profile. Different companies have different beta value due to different industry, different customer or different function. All these may affect the beta values of a company. Company with beta value close to 1 or equal to one are commonly found in the large companies with numerous operating segment. The demand of the product of these companies usually increase and decrease proportional to the aggregate to the economic expansion or contraction. However, companies that are related to pharmaceutical or healthcare usually have beta value less than 1. The demand of suck companys products is inelastic. This causes people hard to stop buying them or find a substitute for such product. This makes the company always have a steadily earnings and lead to low volatility in stock price. Companies with beta value have the highest volatility in stock price. These companies tend to react better than the market or worse than the market. We can take companies in cyclical industries such as airline company as an example with high beta values. When the economy contract or slow down, people will have no money to demand for travel and stock price will decrease dramatically, an d vice versa. This result in higher volatile earnings and the movement of share price. According to the data above, we can say that the beta is categorized in three groups which are higher than 1, between 0 and 1, and below 0. Beta is known as a measurement of a stocks volatility in relation to the market. There are two company that come with beta higher than 1 which are the IJM Plantation and Innoprise Plantation BHD. Innoprise Plantation has the highest beta value which is 1.70 follow by IJM Plantation with beta value of 1.006. Based on this value, we can say that Innoprise Plantation BHD stock is theoretically 70.14% more volatile than the market and IJM Plantation stocks is 0.6% more volatile than the market. This indicate that when there is a 10% increase in the stock market, stocks price for Innoprise Plantation BHD will increase by approximately 17% and also approximately 10.06% for IJM Plantation. This concept applies to the condition when market goes down too. These two company with beta value higher than 1 tends to perform better than the market when the mark et goes up and when the market slow down, the company will perform even worse compare to the market. With the beta value between 0 and 1 is BLD Plantation and Riverview Rubber Estate. Beta value for BLD plantation is 0.96 and 0.59 for Riverview Rubber Estate. These two companies are the companies with volatilities lower than the market, which means that BLD Plantation and Riverview Rubber Estate are theoretically less volatile than the market. If the market increase by 10%, BLD Plantation stocks price will increase only 9.6% and for Riverview Rubber Estate, the stock price will only increase by 5.9%. This also means that the company have a steadily earnings stream and lower volatility of the stock. The last company is the Sime Darby Plantation with a beta value lower than 0 which is a negative beta value. The beta value for Sime Darby Plantation is -0.15. A negative beta correlation indicates that the stock price will go in the opposite direction with the market situation. When the market rise about 10%, the stock price for Sime Darby will decrease about 1.5%, and vice versa. Conservative or safe playing investor will consider about BLD Plantation and Riverview Rubber Estate as the lower betas limit the volatility. Beta value of companies are one of the important element in the formula of capital asset pricing model which is known as CAPM. As how much diversify our investment is, there will be still some risk within it. So, as an investor, they claim that by taking the risk there must deserve a rate of return. By using CAPM, we can calculate the investment risk and what rate of return are we expecting from the investment. 3.5 Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets, particularly stocks. (Investopedia, 2017) CAPM is used to calculate the required rate of return for any risky assets. Required rate of return is a rate of total return needed to be compensated for the risk taken which is made up of a risk-free rate and risk premium. (Finance, 2009) The required rate of return is also an increase in value that should be expect to see based on the risk level of the assets. (InvestingAnswer, 2017) CAPM is an idealized portrayal of how financial markets fix the price of the securities and determine expected returns on capital investments. By using CAPM, it provides a methodology for quantifying risk and translating the risk into the estimated of expected return on equity. (David W.Muslim,Jr, 1982). The model says that the only reason that an investor should earn more on average by investing in one stock rather than another stock is that the stock is riskier. By the CAPM calculation, we can know that the required rate of return among these five companies is 0.0235305. We have use the beta information to calculate the required rate of return. The weight of these five companies are the same which are 0.1. According the CAPM, the beta is the only relevant measurement of a stocks risk. By knowing the beta, then we can get the required rate of return. In this case, required rate of return which is 2.35% is greater than risk-free which is 2.33% that stated. Hence, we should not invest in this portfolio. This is because we need to have higher rate to get back the return. To conclude all the information and analysis, the highest expected return among the few companies from 2007 to 2016 is Innoprise Plantation Bhd and the lowest expected return among few companies from 2007 to 2016 is Sime Darby Plantation. With the higher expected return, higher risk, the higher the volatility and return potential. Means Innoprise Plantation Bhd has the highest risk and highest volatility and return potential and Sime Darby Plantation has the lowest risk and lowest volatility and return potential. The highest Standard deviation among the few companies from 2007 to 2016 is BLD Plantation and the lowest standard deviation is IJM Plantation. The higher standard deviation means that the investment will differ a lot from the average return. Which means the BLD Plantation can provide higher return but the level of variation and risk is higher compare to other 4 companies. The IJM Plantation has lowest standard deviation means the company generating lower return but the level of variation and risk is lower to prevent too much loss. The highest covariance from 2007 to 2016 among these few companies is BLD Plantation Bhd versus Innoprise Plantation Bhd. On the other hand, the lowest covariance from 2007 to 2016 among these few companies is Sime Darby Plantation Bhd versus Innoprise Plantation Bhd. . A large covariance indicates that a strong relationship between variables while a weak covariance indicates that a strong relationship between variables in a different data set with different scales. Beta values are considering as a tool used to compare each individual stock to the market performance by evaluating the relationship of a stock movement with the market itself. Beta values are one of the several values that investor use to analyse the companys risk profile. The beta value can be categorized into three group, higher than 1, between 0 and 1, and less than 1. There are two company that come with beta higher than 1 which are the IJM Plantation and Innoprise Plantation BHD. Innoprise Plantation has the highest beta value which is 1.70 follow by IJM Plantation with beta value of 1.0. With the beta value between 0 and 1 is BLD Plantation and Riverview Rubber Estate. Beta value for BLD plantation is 0.96 and 0.59 for Riverview Rubber Estate The last company is the Sime Darby Plantation with a beta value lower than 0 which is a negative beta value and the beta value is -0.15. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets, particularly stocks. By using the CAPM calculation, we can know that the required rate of return among these five companies is 0.0235305. Based on the evaluation of each company from (c), the lowest expected rate of return was Sime Darby Plantation, given by 0.00221000. The highest expected rate of return was Innoprise Plantation BHD, 0.01047740. The average expected rate of return of these five companies was 0.00662673 whereas the required rate of return was 0.0235305. For a good investment, the expected rate of return has to be higher than the required rate of return. To improve the situation, there are a few strategies taken by each of the companies to drive their operational efficiency, seek out investment while maintaining their capital discipline. Sime Darby Plantation planned to extend sustainable supply chain to include small producers since year 2016. Under the partnership, the supply of small producers will be secured. Sime Darby Plantation collaborate with Wild Asia to assist the rest of the small producers to achieve RSPO certification. As one of the worlds largest plantation company, Sime Darby manufactures, sales and marketing activities of oils and fats products, oleochemicals, palm oil-based biodiesel and other palm oil derivatives (Sime Darby News, 2016). The variety involvement of Sime Darby Plantation helps to improve the companys performance whether in short-term or long-term. Besides that, BLD Plantation had entered into a share sale agreement in year 2016 to acquire the entire 1.1 million shares of RM 1.00 each in the share capital of Pekan for RM 155.22 million. Since the agreement, BLD Plantation has conducted due diligence and it is still

Wind - A Renewable Energy Source Essay example -- Alternative Energy R

Wind - A Renewable Energy Source Wind is called a renewable energy source because wind will continually be produced as long as the sun shines on the earth. The sun’s contribution to wind energy deals with converting air into heat or cool wind. Wind is produced by the irregular heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. On land, the warm air spreads and goes up in the sky, in the water, heavier and cooler air moves in to take the warm air’s place, thus providing local winds. This power source should be used more often in the United States for its safer standards regarding the environment and finance. To capture this wind, turbines are used to convert the renewable resource into electricity. The energy in motion or kinetic energy is then mechanically processed. Windmills are used in the United States amongst other countries in the world. They are used to heat water, refrigerate produce, dry crops, irrigate crops, heat buildings, and charge batteries for tractors on farms, etc. Most of today's windmills extract about 30 % of the wind's energy (www.earthsci.org). Windmills are just as efficient as coal; the difference between them is that air is less polluting than coal. Unfortunately there is no such thing as a 100 percent efficient power source. â€Å"For a completely efficient source of energy, the power plants have to run all day and all year without interruption† (www.eia.doe.gov). To do the fact that in order to convert electricity, windmills depend ...

How do composers use distinctively visual techniques Essay

How do composers use distinctively visual techniques to shape our interpretations of the world? Composers use distinctively visual techniques to shape the audiences interpretations of the world. John Misto’s play ‘The Shoe-horn Sonata and the RTA advertisement ‘Notes’ uses distinctively visual techniques such as dialogue, photographic images, and music to effectively shape the audiences interpretations of the world. Firstly Misto uses dialogue as a distinctively visual technique in his play ‘The Shoe Horn Sonata to shape the audiences interpretations of the world. Misto uses juxtaposition as the dialogue consists of both private and public conversations which create powerful links between the two characters. The first scene shows Bridie re-enacting the kowtow, a tribute to the emperor of Japan. This kowtow was done when a Japanese guard would cry out ‘Keirei’. Stage directions allow the readers to visualise exactly how the composer wants i t to be performed. The audience is able relate in some way and feels engaged with Bridie at this point. Misto then uses photographic images, projected on a screen behind Bridie to support the dialogue. These images consist of several 1940 posters for the womens army, as well as photographs of the Australian army nurses disembarking in Singapore. Not even halfway through scene 1 the use of dialogue and photographic images have raised a concern to the audience of the pain and suffering that many women endured at the hands of the Japanese, yet their stories were not widely known. This has shaped their interpretations of war vastly, as there is much more horror, truth and death involved then just men on the front line. In the RTA advertisement ‘Notes’ the use of no dialogue is so the importance of photographic images is essential for conveying the point of view of the advertisement, which is ‘slow down’. The photographic images show the last message left by each young person and the rush they are in. The images are shown in a slow motion effect which gives the audience time think of the situations and then evokes an emotional response. The images show the surroundings of where how the message was left, this shows that these people come from all different family backgrounds and have a relationship with members of their family. Therefore we realize that these rushing deaths can happen to anyone, regardless of who you are. This shapes the viewer’s interpretation of the world showing that rushing is not worth the consequences of speeding and therefore reinforces the importance of slowing  down. Lastly in ‘Shoe Horn Sonata’ Misto uses music from the period to go with images projected. The use of music adds emotion to the play and It places the audience in the historical context and in some parts it suggests the irony of the situations the women went through. An example is when Bridie criticises the British, the song ‘Rule Britannia’ is played. This song is very patriotic and helps us understand the irony of the situation. The use of music creates emotion within the audience helps shape their interpretation of war, as there is much more horror, truth and death involved then just men on the front line. In the RTA advertisement ‘Notes’ the slow solemn music is used to arouse emotion within the audience. This shapes the audiences interpretations of the world because the slow musical beat actually relaxes the audience therefore causing them to slow down and think about the consequences of speeding and the importance of not rushing. John Misto’s play ‘The Shoe-horn Sonata and the RTA advertisement ‘Notes’ uses distinctively visual techniques to effectively shape the audiences interpretations of the world. This is done brilliantly by an impressive use of dialogue, photographic images, and musi c.

Quality Television Program Essay

As the channels available on America’s cable programs exceed a thousand and as television becomes more readily available through mobile electronic devices, the criteria for what makes for a quality television program has certainly become more intricate and competitive. There are many different genres of television programs that appeal to a certain type of audience. As a huge fan of drama movies and television, I will be evaluating the recently new spin-off television show 90210 which is currently aired on CW. The American teen drama series revolves around a series of characters attending a fictional high school in Beverly Hills. The program seems to attempt to capture many of the same audiences that enjoy shows such as Gossip Girl and The Vampire Diaries which are also popular TV programs on CW. To evaluate and determine the quality level of 90210 I will be looking at a set of criteria that includes the appeal that the characters bring to the show, how realistic the show is, and a look at the development of plots throughout the last few seasons. To shed some light on the television program I will introduce some of the main characters that have been present in the four seasons the show has been airing. Lori Loughlin and Rob Hestes play Harry and Debbie Wilson as mother and father of daughter Annie Wilson and adopted son, Dixon Wilson. After a move from Kansas, the family of four enters season one as a new family to Beverly Hills and with Harry as the principal of Annie and Dixon’s new high school. Jessica Stroup plays Erin ‘Silver’ Silver who has a bipolar disorder and tends to hang out with some of the less popular of those at Beverly Hills High. Annalynne McCord plays the infamous Naomi Clark who is the most popular, gorgeous, untouchable girl available at her school. Then there is Michael Steger who plays Navid Shirazi who in the first season plays as role as Dixon’s quirky sidekick and then slowly falls into a leading role as he gets involved in a relationship with Jessica Lowndes who plays Adrianna Tate-Duncan. And it certainly would not be a teen drama without the good looking guy, Matt Lanter playing Liam Court who soon gets together with Annie Wilson. As far as criteria is concerned for evaluating the show’s characters I want to look at how engaging the characters are for the audience, how unique and identifiable they are, and what the relationships between the characters are like. After watching all four seasons of the show, they did a great job of picking actors/actresses that fit their different roles. With that said, each of the characters definitely has their own unique characteristics and personalities.

The Roswell Coverup Essays - Roswell UFO Incident, Roswell

The Roswell Coverup Essays - Roswell UFO Incident, Roswell The Roswell Coverup You feel the blazing desert sun of Corona, New Mexico beating down on your already weary body. All of a sudden it starts to rain. The cool water refreshes you. Out of the corner of your eye you see a saucer shaped flying disc in the distance. You have heard of hundreds of these sightings all over the country. You gaze in awe because you have now beheld the breathtaking beauty that these discs possess. The saucer you realize is coming directly toward you at a tremendous speed. It flies over missing your head by about 10 feet. After it is over your head you realize that it did not make a sound. If you had lived in New Mexico during the summer of 1947 this incident might have occurred. Only the government, the RAAF (Roswell Army Air Field), and the 509th Bomb Squad knows if this incident really took place, and if it did, were there aliens and what were the reasons for the cover-up. On June 25,1947, the local dentist, Dr. R. F. Sensenbaugher reported a saucer-shaped object about 1/2 the size of the full moon flying over Silver City, New Mexico. On June 26, Leon Oetniger and 3 other witnesses reported a large, silver, ball-shaped object clearly not a balloon or dirigible traveling over the Grand Canyon. June 27, 1947: A white disc glowing like an electric light bulb was reported to have passed over Pope, New Mexico, by local resident W. C. Dobbs at 9:50 a.m. Minutes later, the same or a similar object was sighted traveling southwest over the White Sands Missile Range by Captain E. B. Detchmendy, who reported it to his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Harold R. Turner. At 10:00 a.m., Mrs. David Appelzoller of San Miguel, New Mexico, reported that a similar object had passed over that city, again heading southwest. Colonel Turner of White Sands initially reacted by announcing that no rockets had been launched from that base since June 12. Later, fearing hysteria, he officially identified the object as a daytime meteorite.(Berlitz 18) Also on June 27, Major George B. Wilcox of Warren, Arizona, reported a series of 8 or 9 discs traveling at high speed above the mountain tops. Then on June 28, A pilot flying in the vicinity of Alamagorda, New Mexico reported seeing a ball of fire with a fiery blue tail behind it pass beneath him and then disintegrate into the sky. (19) On July 2, 1947, Mac Brazel was sitting at home watching TV during a thunderstorm when he heard a crash that was louder than thunder and sounded different from the other rumbling. There had been a lot of strange noises since they had begun atomic research in New Mexico for World War II. After the storm, the next day Brazel and Timothy D. Proctor were riding the range to determine which fields had received rain. (Randle 37) During the ride, Brazel came across a field filled with debris of some sort. Some of the debris was shiny but most of it looked like dull metal. There were big chunks and little pieces as if something had exploded while still in the air. The debris when examined surprised Brazel because of its strange properties. The material was described to be as thin as the foil in a cigarette pack and just as light. It was strong, however, that Brazel could not scratch it with a knife or even blacken it with matches. (38) On July 6, Brazel finally decided to go to the police in Roswell. When Sheriff George A. Wilcox saw the debris he suggested they call the RAAF (Roswell Army Air Field). It only took a few minutes for the military to arrive, afterwards Wilcox said that they got there so fast it seemed like they had been waiting for the call. After all the samples were brought in and examined no one could identify the material. The next morning on July 7, Brazel took them out to the crash site. The crash site was observed to be 3/4 of a mile long and two to three hundred feet wide. One of the military officers also made the statement that

INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DECISION LOCUS AND POLITICAL HOTBED essayEssay Writing Service

INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DECISION LOCUS AND POLITICAL HOTBED essayEssay Writing Service INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: DECISION LOCUS AND POLITICAL HOTBED essay INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: DECISION LOCUS AND POLITICAL HOTBED essayIn the contemporary business environment, business intelligence plays an extremely important part because business intelligence contributes to the enhancement of the information security of organizations and prevents information breaches, which may have a disastrous impact on their business development, reputation and company-customer relationships. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the cases of Mashfield Clinic and Exclusive Resorts Club, which reveal the full extent to which business intelligence is important today for the stable and successful business development. Anyway, business intelligence comprises an integral part of the marketing strategy of any company, which aims at the steady and successful business development but companies should come prepared that the development, implementation and maintenance of business intelligence may be challenging and costly, although the effectiv e implementation of business intelligence will bring positive effects that will outweigh costs of business intelligence.Creating business intelligenceThe creation of business intelligence may be driven by different factors. In case of Mashfield clinic the introduction of business intelligence was driven by the introduction of innovations by the company, such as electronic health records and shift toward electronic data storage which raised the problem of the information security, which, by the way, is another reason for the creation of business intelligence by the organization. Mashfield Clinic has to apply technological advances and the wider use of the information system that involve the access to the private information of patients and their health history. Business intelligence developed by Mashfeild Clinic aimed at the enhancement of the information security above all.Furthermore, another issue that may force businesses to introduce business intelligence is the fast progress of technologies which contributes to the emergence of innovations that integrate technologies into vitally important business processes. At the same time, the integration of such technologies raises risks and threats to their stable performance, if business intelligence is applied by rivals for instance. In addition, organizations may face the problem, which Exclusive Resorts Club has faced, the problem of the under-performance of their information system. The enhancement of the information system, automation of key processes, and the wider use of modern telecommunication systems to reach the target customer and to ensure the full customer satisfaction inevitably involve the use of business intelligence. Otherwise, companies may face substantial difficulties with attracting customers and maintaining their loyalty.Implementing business intelligenceFurthermore, the creation of business intelligence is not enough to make it efficient and successful and to reach organizational goals set b efore the creation of business intelligence. The next step is the implementation of business intelligence. This step may also raise certain challenges which organizations should come prepared to cope with. At this point, it is possible to refer one more time to the experience of Mashfield Clinic and Exclusive Resorts Club. The implementation of business security may involve the implementation of new solutions, for instance, software, which enhance business intelligence of organizations.However, the implementation of new solutions may raise the opposition from the part of employees, who may be unwilling to learn how to use the new technology or software or who may grow frustrated because the new technology or software requires more efforts and brings little positive effects for employees’ performance. In such a situation, organizations should focus on communicating the change in business intelligence to employees of the company. Before implementing the change, organizations sh ould gain the positive feedback from the part of employees to make sure that employees will not oppose to the introduction of the new business intelligence. Moreover, the acceptance of the change will not just eliminate any opposition to the new solution to business intelligence but it is likely to increase the motivation of employees to implement new business intelligence solutions.In addition, organizations may need the training of employees to help them to learn how to use new business intelligence solution. Alternatively, organizations should introduce new business intelligence solutions with minimal inconveniences for employees to the extent that employees may hardly notice that anything has changed in their workplace environment and their work. As a result, organizations may just introduce new solutions of business intelligence and enjoy their benefits.Using business intelligenceAs business intelligence is implemented, organizations should pay attention to the further use of b usiness intelligence. In case of Mashfield Clinic and Exclusive Resorts Club, the further using of business intelligence implies regular updates which can keep their business intelligence up-to-date. In respect to business intelligence, up-to-date means that solutions used to enhance business intelligence are still relevant and efficient. If they grow outdated, organizations should look for new solutions. For instance, Mashfield Clinic and Exclusive Resorts Club have alredy had some solutions before implemented new ones. However, old solutions were outdated and they could not match the growing requirements of companies. As a result, organizations were virtually forced to change and enhance their business intelligence focusing on new solutions that could be more efficient.Furthermore, organizations need to upgrade their business intelligence regularly. To put it more precisely, software should be updated quarterly or even frequently to ensure that the new business intelligence system is running well enough. Otherwise, organizations should rather refuse from the implementation of new business intelligence because new solutions may become unsurpassable barriers for employees of organizations.ConclusionThus, the development and introduction of business intelligence is a complex process which requires multiple and hard efforts from the part of the organization. In this regard, the cases of Mashfield Clinic and Exclusive Resorts Club reveal possible challenges and difficulties organizations may face while developing their business intelligence. In this regard, organizations should be just aware of the fact that business intelligence is essential today because it primarily enhances the information security of organizations, whereas the information security may be crucial for the survival of organizations and maintenance of their positive public image. In fact, the implementation of business intelligence should rely heavily on the development of up-to-date solutions w hich are upgraded regularly and maintained accurately.

Why Challenging The Status Quo Will Make You A Better Leader

Why Challenging The Status Quo Will Make You A Better Leader Challenging the status quo is about as inspirational as penguins walking on the beach. Source: https://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/225879#2 ^^^Oh yeah, that’s a thing. Today, a call to challenge the status quo seems tired and played out†¦and honestly, what does it even look like? Does challenging the status quo mean becoming an anti-establishment rebel? Or constantly pointing out the flaws in your organization? Or being the manager who â€Å"zigs† when everyone else â€Å"zags†? Maybe so. But what if challenging the status quo was something far more positive than negative†¦ more exciting than intimidating? All while actually being  possible? In this post, you’ll learn exactly: What’s at stake for you  and your company if you don’t challenge the status quo. How to specifically identify your status quo  and its impact in your organization. And a novel way to approach leading positive change  in any context. Before you dive in, grab your free â€Å"Challenging The Status Quo Worksheet†Ã‚  so you can pinpoint the negative impact of status quo in your team, marketing, or organization as a whole. in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Analysis and Critique Jean Watson Research Paper

Analysis and Critique Jean Watson - Research Paper Example Watson describes nursing as something one can learn or read about, but in order to understand it fully, one has to experience it. Transpersonal caring seeks to connect with one’s spirit and soul in a bid to effect the healing potentials and possibilities. It moves beyond ego-self and transcends to spiritual connections between a practitioner and their patient. The ten carative factors and theories of nursing help in understanding Watson’s caring-healing-loving-model. The theory states that in delivering healthcare to clients, one needs to formulate a humanistic-altruistic system of values while instilling faith and hope in the patient. The practitioner needs to cultivate a certain level of sensitivity to others and to themselves thus a helping–trusting relationship becomes established between the practitioner and the patient. The promotion of positive feelings and the acceptance of negative feelings are also important and these problems are solved using a scientific method for making decisions. Other carative factors involve assistance through gratifications of people’s needs, while providing support, protection, and an enabling environment for mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual growth. The practitioner should also allow for misery/ miraculous forces as this may be important to the patient’s recovery. (Watson, 1985, p.

Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Marina Bay Sands targeted the ‘Meetings, incentives, conventions and events’ and business travellers as their major markets but the hotel is now aiming at the family and leisure markets as well. The hotel appears to be entirely matching with regard to their products, experience offered and their facilities. For this reason, they appear to be attracting and containing quite distinguishable market segments. Therefore, for future markets, the economic growth and population growth in China implies that China is no longer a huge and poor market. Marina Bay Sands like many other companies should now try to locate and target the most outstanding market for them (Jauhari and Rishi, 2012). This is because previous studies of China economy have not entirely acknowledged the remarkable growth of the middle class. Research done using data from Asia Pacific and MasterCard Worldwide showed that middle class reached 87 million by 2005 from just about zero ten years ago, and is expected to rise to 340 million by 2016. This means that the middle class will occupy the 60 percent of China’s urban households by 2016 which already clocked 39% by 2006. The other markets that constitute notable target include Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam (Cui and Song, 2009:38-41). Over the years brand positioning has also been an essential part of marketing strategy and thus, the hotel industry has accepted and embraced its value in marketing and in particular when there is extensive brand segmentation. Just like several others Marina Bay Sands has developed multiple brands in order to serve multiple market segments (Burkard, 2011). This strategy of segmentation involves the idea that the brand name is a component of the process of illustrating tangibility to what basically appears intangible. This provides a shorthand way of setting up a particular property’s value when a customer is given significant information about the service or product. With resp ect to this, the brand’s quality is based on the awareness of the potential quests, their perception of the quality and the overall satisfaction of the customers. This concept that brand positioning provides added value to both the hotel and quests, is what a reasonable growth of brand positioning relies on. When hotel brand is managed well, the hotel tends to get a rising market share from a corporate strategy point of view. Cai and Hobson (2004) say that a brand can create a distinguishable identity by establishing a given set of promises to its customers where functional features of the products are not considerably differentiated. A personality that a brand creates may be relevant reason for a consumer to select one brand over the other. A brilliant brand personality is likely to make the brand more tangible thus reducing the intangibility associated with the hotel industry. Since there is the idea that brand positioning creates a personality for an intangible unit it is, therefore, related to the consumer emotions. Burkard (2011) explains that these emotional connections to a brand come about in part from the promises mentioned above. This means that the customers rely on brand names so that they can minimise the risk that is associated with unknown brands. Therefore, the hotel’

Human Capital Concept Worksheet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Capital Concept Worksheet - Case Study Example InterClean is acquiring EnviroTech and a number of their workers. This will permit them to expand their internal and outside labor markets the length of with breach the entrance for new workers to be hired into the business. 1. Dreher, G. & Dougherty, T., (2001). Human Resource Strategy. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Retrieved November 23, 2006, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, MBA/530-Human Capital Development. http://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp David Spencer announced the gaining of EnviroTech, which is one of the main home competitor in the corporate advertise. 60 workers from EnviroTech determination are compound with InterClean workers (Scenario, 2006). Integrating recruitment practices with strategy is a basic technique for prospector firms. InterClean is a main player inside the sanitation scene, future productivity will pivot on satisfying the customers' up-and-coming need for future solution replica (Scenario, 2006). The plan of the corporation is to give the customers with far above the ground excellence foodstuffs. If we analyze then we come to know that HRM implications are a lot of. ... Applications of Organizational Behavior To Management David Spencer announced the gaining of EnviroTech, which is one of the main home competitor in the corporate advertise. 60 workers from EnviroTech determination are compound with InterClean workers (Scenario, 2006). Integrating recruitment practices with strategy is a basic technique for prospector firms. InterClean is a main player inside the sanitation scene, future productivity will pivot on satisfying the customers' up-and-coming need for future solution replica (Scenario, 2006). The plan of the corporation is to give the customers with far above the ground excellence foodstuffs. 1. Scenario, (2006). InterClean, Inc. Retrieved November 22, 2006, from University of Phoenix HRM Implications If we analyze then we come to know that HRM implications are a lot of. The need for alter and the dream for the new corporation must be methodically communicate. Compensation, reimbursement, and preparation systems must be included and deploy in a way that will add to new managerial objectives (HRM strategy, 2001). Communication is the main key in any modify. Factors and matters connected with effective strategy expansion in human resources. Company official to HR staff, Training and growth budget is tight. The novel hires have to need negligible compass reading. Train managers to put into practice the changes. The HR policies be supposed to be updated to bring into line with the new course of the association (scenario, 2006). Compliance will be a main issue that must be addressed. The sales employees need to be cultured on fulfillment issues (Scenario, 2006). Training and employees growth is a main issue within Human Resources. "Computerized ability

Flight Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Flight - Assignment Example Jill also claims that out of the few numbers of people trained on flying the airlines, only a small percentage are willing to be pilots. Despite there being a pilot shortage in the fight industry, there are also rules that limit the number of hours that a pilot can fly a plane before being replaced. Jill argues that the pilot salaries are also a limiting factor towards increasing the number of pilots (Schramm retrieved from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/7/north-dakota-airports-prepare-for-pilot-shortage/?page=all). The shortage has led to flight cancellations since more often there are no available pilots to fly the plane. Solsvig, an aircraft manager at the North Dakota airport claimed that the only way to solve the problem was to replace the small aircrafts with larger planes so that one pilot can serve many passengers. However, he also said that using larger planes would mean that flight frequency would be reduced. According to Allen, a pilot in the Dakota airport, the salaries of pilots need to be increased in order to draw more people into training to be pilots (Schramm retrieved from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/7/north-dakota-airports-prepare-for-pilot-shortage/?page=all). The training is also a discouraging factor and should be reduced to attract new trainees. According to the Minneapolis forum, all airports should invest more in pilot training and reduce the education requirements of pilots so as to give a chance for many people to train as pilots. Guy Norris claims that current pilot shortage is caused by lack of collaboration between the industry, the government and the academic institutions training pilots. The vice president of Boeing Airport said that the lack of coaction  between the three parties is likely to cause the airline a problem in serving the increased numbers of

Applying for residency program in surgery Personal Statement

Applying for residency program in surgery - Personal Statement Example Although other medical practitioners may look upon dentistry as a â€Å"breeze† course, the reality is that this particular type of course is just as demanding as any other medical degree. It still requires academic ability, personal motivation, diligence, and perseverance. With the current trend in the modernization of treatments in the dental field, it has become as equally exciting as any other medical field in the world today. It is because of the aforementioned reasons that I would like to have an opportunity to further my dental career by concentrating on the completion of a residency program with your reknowned teaching university. Having spent a part of my career as a teaching assistant at Kind Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Oral and Maxillofacial Division) I have already managed to develop leadership abilities thanks to the time I spent managing an oral clinic for them. Having spent a great deal of time in the USA at the moment, I have spent an impressive number of hours at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial It was at UNC where I developed my dental surgery skills further by participating in ward rounds, assisting in theater and out patient clinics, as well as attending didactic sessions. All of the clinical experience that I have gained through the years have proven only one thing to me. I was born ready to become an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. This is my life calling and mission. I take great pride in the way that my work in this field, no matter how minor the contribution I made, has already helped to improve my patients lives. With the help of your esteemed university and its group of trailblazing teaching dentists, I hope to be of even greater help to the patients who entrust their oral health to me in the

Gender and Development in South Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Development in South Asia - Essay Example The result has been that there has developed stiff competition between the established hierarchy that dominates society and NGOs in a bid to make possible the inclusion of women in the process of development so that a truly modern and competitive world can be ushered in Asian countries. The intense competition with the established hierarchy has made it difficult for NGOs to have the impact that they desire in society but as an article that will be analyzed will show, there are some which have gained a measure of success. The gender issue, such as employment discrimination, in Asia, not only involves women, but also members of the LGBT community, who have become victims of long established traditionalist or conservative values in their societies.The White Van Stories is a 2013 documentary made by Indian filmmaker Leena Manimekalai that seeks to show the suffering that families in Sri Lanka are having as a result of women from their families having been kidnapped during the violence th at was the civil war. Manimekalai is a woman who has been a women’s rights activist for many years and she has become famous in India for standing up to the status quo and calling for more participation for women in the society. Through her experience, she managed to ensure that White Van Stories became successful in depicting the significant number of disappearances that took place in Sri Lanka during the war. Not only does it tell of the brutality suffered by women during such incidents, but it also shows the manner through which some of these individuals were kidnapped; never to be seen again by their families.

Applying for residency program in surgery Personal Statement

Applying for residency program in surgery - Personal Statement Example Although other medical practitioners may look upon dentistry as a â€Å"breeze† course, the reality is that this particular type of course is just as demanding as any other medical degree. It still requires academic ability, personal motivation, diligence, and perseverance. With the current trend in the modernization of treatments in the dental field, it has become as equally exciting as any other medical field in the world today. It is because of the aforementioned reasons that I would like to have an opportunity to further my dental career by concentrating on the completion of a residency program with your reknowned teaching university. Having spent a part of my career as a teaching assistant at Kind Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Oral and Maxillofacial Division) I have already managed to develop leadership abilities thanks to the time I spent managing an oral clinic for them. Having spent a great deal of time in the USA at the moment, I have spent an impressive number of hours at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial It was at UNC where I developed my dental surgery skills further by participating in ward rounds, assisting in theater and out patient clinics, as well as attending didactic sessions. All of the clinical experience that I have gained through the years have proven only one thing to me. I was born ready to become an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. This is my life calling and mission. I take great pride in the way that my work in this field, no matter how minor the contribution I made, has already helped to improve my patients lives. With the help of your esteemed university and its group of trailblazing teaching dentists, I hope to be of even greater help to the patients who entrust their oral health to me in the

It is not an essay but quistions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

It is not an but quistions - Essay Example AS a result, the number reduced making it inferior to withstand the forces from the north. The other success was in Gettysburg. In the battle, the army under the command of Lee suffered a significant loss. In the battle, there were massive casualties. As a result, Lee side was demoralised on invasion of the north and, therefore, had to retreat to Virginia. The 1890 can be described as a watershed of the 1900’s in different ways. In the period, various changes defined the 1900’s. First, there was consolidation of various railway projects that had begun in the second part of the century. The consolidation helped in emergence of various industries that helped spur economic growth in the 1900’s. Moreover, the emergence of industries led to economic dominance of United States in the following century. Secondly, industrialization led to increased immigration to America. For example, there was increasing number of immigrants. Most came from Europe. They were looking for work and increased freedom. Consequently, there was growth of cities where the immigrants settled leading to increased urbanization. However, the period also saw increased discrimination. The discrimination was directed to African American. The period saw the passage of authoritarian laws such as Jim Crow laws that authorised segregation of African Americans. The law also allowed lynching of African Americans in the southern side. The changes led to rise of civil rights groups in then 1990’s. Moreover, there was a rise of exceptional leaders agitating for equality of different races over the same time such as Dubois and Martin Luther King. Additionally, the period saw the rise of various political parties. The parties were because of activism of farmers. In the period, farmers complained of reduced prices of commodities such as wheat and cotton. One of such parties was the People’s Party (Populist Party). The party was agitating for political

Risk And Adults With Learning Disabilities

Risk And Adults With Learning Disabilities A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning); and a condition which started before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development (Scottish Executive, 2010). People with learning disabilities comprise of a highly vulnerable section of the society, who have limited access to health care facilities / services offered to them. They are often faced with obstacles and challenges while copying with grave situations such as loss and bereavement of loved ones, personal illness, death etc (Elliott, 1995). This, in turn, tends to aggravate their situation and increase their dependence on the society which includes their friends, family and loved ones as well as the community in general. They are known to have been ignored persistently in terms of providing services in the need of personal illness, death, and other challenging life situations, thus increasing their vulnerability all the more. Risk vulnerability: People with learning disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). People with learning disabilities has probably one of the worst histories is neglect and ill treatment in any group of society. Among the most vulnerable members of society they cant speak up for themselves. Concepts of risk assessment and management in psychiatry increasingly reflect public and professional anxieties that people with a mental disorder may harm others (Simon Halstead (997). At risk are the mens victims whose suffering was often exacerbated by service providers failure to protect them. For example, if consequences are limited when a man with learning disabilities abuses another person with learning disabilities, the victim may be left with the idea that such behaviour is normal and acceptable, and that services will provide little protection and that their complaints will not be heard. It may also increase their vulnerability to further abuse because abuse can become normalised (McCarthy and Thompson, 1996). The oxford dictionary define noun risk as meaning a hazard, a dangerous, exposure to mischance or peril, as verb it also similar which means hazard, to danger, to expose to the chance of injury or loss(P. Parsloe, 2005). Risk is closely linked to dangerousness, resulting in harm which seems to be agreed means harm to self or others and extend of harm which constitutes a risk in various situations especially adult with learning disabilities. If you dont know for sure what will happen, but you know the odd that is risk and if you dont know the odd that is uncertainty (Knight, 1921). From this definition of risk concentrate upon the probabilistic components in knowledge, and is agnostic as to whether this involves probabilities of good of bad outcomes. Royal Society(1983), risk assessment which saw as the probability that a particular adverse event occurs and social services has been concerned predominate with risk assessment to prevent harm. They may also suffer further if they have to deal with seeing their perpetrator on a regular basis, and may be subject to further assaults in retaliation of their initial complaint. It has been noted above how services frequently respond inadequately to the abuse of people with learning disabilities by men with learning disabilities: only rarely will the police be involved and most victims will have no option but to continue to see their attacker on a daily basis (Thompson, 1997). In addition to the risks to existing victims, poor responses may result in increasing numbers of people being abused. Definiation of vulanarable adult in section 80(6) care standard act 2000 states that- (a) an adult to whom accomodation and nursing or personal care are provided in care hom (b) in adult to whom personal care is provided in their own home under arrangements mad by a domiliciary care agency.(Ian. PeateD.Fearns-2006) Adult with learnign disabilities, and thos peopl who have a lescapcity like who have mental illness, old and frail,need protection from potentially abusive sitaution over which they might have little control (Department of Health,2000). Learning Disability Adolescents obviously do not always act in ways that serve their own best interests, even as defined by them. Sometimes their perception of their own risks, even of survival to adulthood, is larger than the reality; in other cases, they underestimate the risks of particular actions or behaviours. It is possible, indeed likely, that some adolescents engage in risky behaviours because of a perception of invulnerability-the current conventional wisdom of adults views of adolescent behaviour. Others, however, take risks because they feel vulnerable to a point approaching hopelessness (Fischhoff et al., 2000). In either case, these perceptions can prompt adults to make poor decisions that can put them at risk and leave them vulnerable t o physical or psychological harm that may have a negative impact on their long-term health and viability. Learning Disabilities: Risk Assessment Decision Making Process/ Practice Tools: Every day a lot of risk situation changes rapidly and what applied yesterday but may not today. Those service users who are identified as at risk would be provided highly effective instruction to reduce their risk in the identified area (e.g., language, reading, numeracy/ math, behaviour). Service users whose response to instruction moved them out of risk status would receive no further supplemental intervention. Service users whose response to well-documented, effective, and well-implemented instruction was low or who remained at risk would be considered for placement in special education. Thus, potentially, many Users could benefit from this type of an identification procedure. (S.Vaughn and Lynn S. Fuchs, 2003). For minimize risk and make it useful and meaningful, may risk situations need to be reassessed regularly perhaps daily basis according service users daily need. People with learning disabilities are subject to risk all time due to their vulnerability they sometimes abused by those who have control over them or by those who realize that they are vulnerable because of their disabilities they often find it very much more difficult to assess risk the way most of us do. While most of carer don dont asses risk very efficiently they generally make some attempt to do so. Its not easy at all to do risk assessment as it is a complex task and most of the time carer or support worker they do adequately but not very thoroughly. Adult with learning disabilities they always find this difficult and also fail to recognize any risk at all as they cant explain due to lack of communication. In spite of some difficulties, there is an increasing awareness that people with learning disabilities can make choices, moreover they want to do so. However its often fail to consider is that, the amount of risk that these choices carry and most of us have grown up accustomed to risk-taking. Life is full risks we all take risk all the time and the more familiar they are the less we tend to recognize the real level of risk involved.(Refe). Many problems about assessing risk that different services user may perceive the different risk. What is acceptable to one person may not be acceptable to another. Main objective of the risk assessment when its possible may sometimes affect decision making in number of different ways. Its true many people with learning disabilities who are always facing risk in their everyday life. Significantly about choice decision sometimes its difficult for adult as well carer to make right choice how could be at risk. The difficulty for people with learning disabilities is that carers often do feel often they are expected to make these choices for them. The law of negligence can appear to inhibit decision making personal freedom and choice sit uncomfortably next to the concepts of duty of care and professional liability (Ref.). people with learning disabilities may not have done perhaps carers need to be encourage to help their service users how to make choices with and appreciation of the risk involved. This is more challenging task than just encouraging choice alone it seems that not only should people with learning be allowed to make choices and take risk they should actively be encourage to do. Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment: The problem with the right to make choices is that it assumes that adult with learning disabilities are able to make choice about risk in the same way every one does(Refe.). we have to acknowledge that adult with learning disabilities do have real difficulties with many cognitive takes. Most we have problems in assessing risk effectively because of the complexity of doing so it is likely that people with learning disabilities will find the particular difficult. The assessment of ability to consent and the ability to make real choice, especially in relation to understanding the likely consequences of the choices or decision made. It could be helpful when any risk assessment pan to do like- If carer want to take any decision about the adult person, Is person are aware that about their decision at all? Are they communicating their choice decision making? Giving people with learning disabilities more choice especially about taking risk, its mean that carer have to be alert to the extent to which the service users are able realistically to assess the level of risks involved(Ref.). In order to decide when risk is acceptable, they need to consider a large number of pieces of information which is decision making become difficult for carer/support worker. Many adult with learning disabled the most successful way to avoid and minimize risk to avoid further problem is by effective management. When the person concerned may have been living in a setting where the opportunities for such behaviour have been very limited or absent, carers and professionals are sometimes tempted to assume that because the recent past has been incident-free the problem has disappeared. Risk Assessment: Never take someone with a learning disability swimming without first reviewing their risk assessment plan. A risk assessment is in place to address issues of importance such as dangers, hazards, and known triggers and how best to avoid them. Make sure you are familiar with the particular risks that you could face with the person in your care and that you have put measures in place to reduce, or eliminate, them. Assessment is a complex and time consuming task and it is a continuous process. Assessment of risk for adult with learning disabilities which should be evolutionary in nature constantly informed and shaped by changes of circumstances upon service users needs (M.Brown, 2003). The practice of risk assessment and management is the process of data collection, recording, interpretation, communication and implementation of risk reduction plan (Maden, 1996). For the risk of learning disability, clinical model of risk assessment have become the norm. There are two kinds of risk that are relevant to work people with learning disabilities, risk of unnecessary exposure to undesirable events or experience, and risk of negative consequences when possible benefits and desirable experiences are perused (Paul William, 2006). Above this it is clear that a strategy of prevention should implement, and management is required so that risk and benefit are balanced. In social care and health care there are broadly two main context of risk which are not provided and everyday risk in their life. people with learning disability to have a history of formally documented offence. Conclusion People with learning disabilities are beginning to reclaim the lives they lost in the institutions, having choices, jobs, sex lives and even becoming parents unthinkable until even quite recently. Slowly, perhaps far too slowly, the rest of the community is beginning to realize that the majority of people with learning disabilities are not so different from everyone else, and need the same things in their lives that all of us do: work, leisure, partners, and a sense of being part of a social group. They want to feel useful and valued, as we all do. Life is full of risks. We all take risks all the time, and the more familiar they are the less we tend to recognize the real level of risk involved. We actually take the greatest risk in our lives every time that we step into a car, but few of us really consider that risk seriously. This is the other side of the coin; we are inclined to believe that it wont happen to me, even when the objective statistics suggest otherwise. The difficulty that now exists for people with learning disabilities, especially those with greater handicaps, and those who care for and support them, is that the law specifies that many such people are vulnerable, and not able to make this choice for themselves. They are considered to be unable to assess the risks involved and thus make an independent choice. The onus of assessing risk and making the decision therefore often rests with carers. Because it is such a difficult decision to make for someone else, carers often take the simple way out, and avoid letting situations arise where learning-disabled people in their care have the opportunity to develop sexual relationships: if a person cannot make an informed choice then perhaps it is easier not to offer them that choice. This is the current dilemma for those who work in community care situations. The issue of sexual relationships is perhaps the most difficult and complex, but this problem of balancing risk and choice is a constant one for carers and professionals, in relation to many aspects of everyday life. In the background is the ogre of the law (and/or local management), ready to jump on the unwary, should they get it wrong. No wonder, perhaps that many are cautious about enabling such choices to be made. Recommendation Social services departments have seen a rise in the numbers of vulnerable adults referred to them because they are at risk of physical and sexual abuse, as well as financial fraud, a study has found. The survey of directors of adult services suggests the fallout from the death of Baby Peter has influenced social workers attitudes to vulnerable adults with more older people or those with a learning disability deemed to be at risk of abuse being referred for assessment. Speaking ahead of the national children and adults conference that opens today in Harrogate, the Local Government Association (LGA) warned that adults services were coming under increasing strain and called for reform of the way adult social services are funded to meet the explosion in demand and escalating costs. In others for example, in the increase in the number of adult safeguarding referrals it might be that the higher profile of risk and vulnerability has led to a greater vigilance by our care staff and by members of the public alike.

The Development of William Mossop’s Character in Hobson’s Choice Essay

The Development of William Mossop’s Character in Hobson’s Choice William Mossop started off as a lodger lodging with Ada Figgins. He was shy and had no ambitions working at Hobson’s shoe shop at the bottom of the chain. At the end of the play he was ambitious, married and the joint owner of Hobsons shop. The audience sympathises with Willie the first time he appears on stage because he ‘only comes half way up the trap door’. This is because of his social standing and he feels that he is not worthy to speak to Hobson and the ‘upper class people’. As the play progresses Willie acquires a greater sense of confidence. This is shown when Willie begins to speak more and is further educated and more self-assured. Willie also gets more confident after he gets married to Maggie. Willie gradually works his way up the ladder and begins to take over Hobson’s shop. During the play, Hobson is unable to watch over the shoe shop and his daughters have all matured, moved out, and got married, including Maggie, who is married to Willie. Willie now has ambitions and these are to cre... The Development of William Mossop’s Character in Hobson’s Choice Essay The Development of William Mossop’s Character in Hobson’s Choice William Mossop started off as a lodger lodging with Ada Figgins. He was shy and had no ambitions working at Hobson’s shoe shop at the bottom of the chain. At the end of the play he was ambitious, married and the joint owner of Hobsons shop. The audience sympathises with Willie the first time he appears on stage because he ‘only comes half way up the trap door’. This is because of his social standing and he feels that he is not worthy to speak to Hobson and the ‘upper class people’. As the play progresses Willie acquires a greater sense of confidence. This is shown when Willie begins to speak more and is further educated and more self-assured. Willie also gets more confident after he gets married to Maggie. Willie gradually works his way up the ladder and begins to take over Hobson’s shop. During the play, Hobson is unable to watch over the shoe shop and his daughters have all matured, moved out, and got married, including Maggie, who is married to Willie. Willie now has ambitions and these are to cre...

Zen in the Art of Archery Essay -- essays research papers

Zen in the Art of Archery, by Eugen Herrigel describes the ritualistic arts of discipline and focus that the Zen religion focuses around. In this book, Herrigel describes many aspects of how archery is, in fact, not a sport, but an art form, and is very spiritual to those in the east. The process he describes shows how he overcame his initial inhibitions and began to look toward new ways of seeing and understanding. In the beginning of the book Herrigel tells us that he is writing about a ritual and religious practice, â€Å"whose aim consists in hitting a spiritual goal, so that fundamentally the marksman aims at himself and may even succeed in hitting himself.† (Herrigel p. 4) Through his studies, the author discovers that within the Zen ritual actions, archery in this case, there lies a deeper meaning. Herrigel explains throughout this book that it is not through the actual physical aspect of shooting arrows at targets that archery is Zen, but through the art and spiritual ity through which it is performed. It is not merely shooting an arrow to hit a target, but becoming the target yourself and then, in turn, hitting yourself spiritually. By meeting this spiritual goal, you will then meet the physical goal. The struggle then is, therefore not with the arrow or the target but within oneself. Archery, in this book, was the way that the author found his way into Zen Buddhism. One of the most important lessons that Herrigel’s master taught him was, to correctly master the art of ar...

Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell: Human Rights in Nigeria Case Analysis International Business April 22, 2013 The History Royal Dutch Shell is a global company. It has about 93,000 employees and is located in more than 90 countries. It is an energy and petrochemicals business. In the US it was founded in 1912 by the American Gasoline Company to sell gasoline along the Pacific Coast, and Roxanna Petroleum to buy oil product properties in Oklahoma (according to Shell. US website). However, it was founded in 1907 in Europe when Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd merged.This was done to help the company compete globally. It has done several mergers and buyouts in its hundred plus years of business. Throughout the years Shell has made changes in their business to better compete in the market from becoming a global business to investing in research and development in the newest and latest energy technologies. Today it is in the top six of oil and gas companies. It produces around 3. 1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day. The Problem The Guardian News has run an article reporting on the inconsistencies of what the Royal Dutch Shell has committed to and the reality of the situation.Two hospitals that we built in the Ogoni region of Nigeria are diametrically opposite of each other in health standards and overall aesthetics. The company has reported that it is committed to the social well-being of the area, but the reality is completely different. The Situation The situation is that we have as part of the 1996 â€Å"Ogani Reconciliation† plan committed to the social and economic well-being of the local communities. There has been millions of dollars sent to the country allocated to the areas of hospitals and medical care as well as to other needs.Though resources have been sent to build hospitals for the region, the reality is that any of the improvements that was said to be done are seriously subpar to any health standard of any country. Improvements have been done with little regard to the needs of the people and were primarily done so that it can be said that the company was committed to the local region. Though millions has been sent to the country, much of this has been siphoned off to other areas of government and possible to fill the pockets of people that are in the place of authority. Also, some decisions have been made without direct input from the region itself.What to build? Where to build? How to allocate resources? These are all questions that need a comprehensive answer that involves each of the concerned parties. It is concerning that these issues have been allowed to happen. A company of their size and magnitude should not have allowed these community projects be the mockery of the press. Royal Dutch Shell is a company that has many well rounded and sound business plans. The execution and maintenance of these business plans is one of Shell’s main issues. They have the ability to creat e great business plans but lack the commitment to maintain them and sometime execute them in all areas.Marketing Issues The company has had a lot of negative publicity due to the companies operation in the Ogani region of Nigeria. The company is seen to be working hand-in-hand with Nigerian security personnel with little regard to the local minority people of that region. This is causing violence and unrest of the region as well sabotage of the oil pipelines causing oil spills and environmental damage. Actions For the short term, we need to consider the following objectives: * One of the first steps is to make sure the hospital consistently has the electricity and the fuel to run a backup generator.Provide backup generators with the fuel to run them when necessary. If a lavish hospital can be kept up for the employees of our company we can keep up adequate levels of care of Gokana. This will serve as big public relations improvement. * The company should use its knowledge to help ou t the struggling hospital and install wind and solar power technology so they can lower the cost of electricity and help improve a bad situation. * The company should consider helping and sharing their equipment, employees, ambulances, etc. with the hospital in Ogoniland.This will show the community that Shell is â€Å"being a good neighbor†, which in turn would boost the communities morale. * Making improvements on the hospital will directly affect the people of the region. * Setup a working committee with MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People) and Nigerian national representatives, as well as an independent group to oversee any agreements. * Work with the region to start making the improvements that will directly affect the people of the region. * Take responsibility of the oil spills due to company failure and get these cleaned up. Take responsibility for all of the pollution * Use the people of the company to reach out into the community and start community clean up days so the people can help clean up their community and also have a little ownership into the improvements. * Review the companies committees and oversight boards and make sure that the people in place are committed to working with the region. * Reach out to the community with surveys to the people to get their feelings about Shell and what they would like to see improve. * Once improvements are made hold a press conference to help with the PR of the company.It is obvious that the public relations area has suffered. Make it a point to show what is being done to help the area. The long term goals would be to: * Work with the MOSOP to get a comprehensive plan in place that will work to end the protests and sabotage of company pipelines. * Put a sustainable corporate plan in place with independent review that all policies are being adhered to by all officers pertinent to this region. * By getting these agreements, and with the investments in the local infrastructure will cau se less problems that will need money allocated to them. Work to develop better company practices to promote a higher sense of ethics and their climates in the work place * Change their business approach from an egoistic approach to a principal-based approach (integrity approach based on laws) Conclusion Caution will be needed due to the political environment and instability of Nigeria. The company will always need to be aware of what is going on politically on both the national and local levels. The corporate actions taken by Royal Dutch Shell has affected and destroyed a community.The company has tried to recover and fixed what they have done but they have not succeeded in doing so. Royal Dutch Shell has to build a relationship of trust with the Nigerian community. They have to let the community be heard when they are reaching out to let the company know what they need and allow them to be part of the reconstruction and rebuilding of their community. Shell is a very lucrative comp any that makes millions of dollars a day; they would be very hurt to lose this business operation base in Nigeria. Shell went from an egoistic operation in Nigeria to a principle based operation.If Shell even took on a larger sense of social responsibility, they would have gained a larger competitive advantage over the competition. Though the company was acquitted of several charges in January of 2013 by the Dutch courts and made responsible for the oil spills on the last count, there will be unrest in the local region as they want to make the company responsible for all of the problems. Careful steps will need to be taken to address the concerns in such a way to help the region and to lessen the criticism of the people and media.

Celta †Focus on the Learner Essay

The first part of the assignment focuses on the general overview of Entry 1 group who are majority females of South-Asian origin; also a Chinese, African & Arab learners are also enrolled in class. Learners of this group are housewives with little or no previous education background. They would have learnt Urdu or Gujarati in their country. The ages range between 24 and 45. The majority of learner’s first language speaks Gujarati or Punjabi. They have been learning English between 1-3 years & some less than a year and they all enjoy learning English. Most learners are married housewives and have children. They are motivated as they have children and would like to keep pace communicating and helping their children with English. Some also would like to find work. They also like to learn English so they can communicate with doctors, school staff and general everyday life. They like watching TV, Reading and using Computers. From the observation they like listening to the teacher and prefer to learn from pictures, visuals, gestures etc. They prefer the kinaesthetic type of teaching by listening to audio, matching sentences and also interpersonal skills by working in pairs and groups. However as Adults on the whole tend to be more disciplined, the South Asian learners are very well disciplined, listen and are motivated to learn. However they may struggle to learn coming from the cultural background and education experience. â€Å"The traditional Eastern respect for the teacher and for the written word is still a prominent characteristic of learners from India and the neighbouring countries†[1] Due to the culture, there education is more emphasis on discipline and written work. This may be the reason why learners are shy to speak and difficult for teachers to elicit from learners. Part Two From observation during class learners find some difficulty in reading and writing as the majority of learners come from South Asia, where they do not share the Roman transcript; unlike learners from Poland who would pick up the letters of the Alphabet as they share the Roman transcript. They may read out words, however due to not being confident; words may not sound as clear as they could be. They struggle writing in a straight line and also missing out capital letters when writing names of people etc. The group are good at listening to audio exercises and enjoy this type of task as most learners achieve the correct answer. They South-Asian learners struggle a little with their writing skills because of influence of spelling on pronunciation. â€Å"South-Asian scripts are for the most part phonetic, so that spelling is largely an accurate guide to pronunciation. Learners’ pronunciation of English words is consequently over-faithful to the written forms†[2] One of the features of South Asian language accent can be recognised by: â€Å"Tenser articulation than in English, with vowels produced further forward, leading to the loss of some distinctions between different vowels†[3] We observe this in words like Tom; consonants /t/ and /d/ are pronounced heavier. I have also observed the form can/can’t whilst doing my TP. Learners struggle pronouncing both words with the weak form and can’t (stressed) /ka:nt/ with an open mouth; this could have a completely opposite meaning to their answer. They need to respond and get them to elicit more during class. Grammar has also been a weakness as learners struggle with word order and the (ing) form. I have noticed their use of Present simple/continuous. They seem to use the (ing) from the opposite way. I.e. Learners will say or write ‘I am eat’ instead of ‘I am eating’. The South Asian Grammar will have some similarities with English Grammar. â€Å"The ‘parts of speech’ of English and Hindi are broadly similar†[4] There are other differences which will cause problems for our learners. â€Å"has no word class corresponding to the English articles, prefers postpositions placed after a noun or pronoun to prepositions and has its normal word order one in which the verb is placed finally in a sentence†[5] â€Å"With stative verbs rarely used in progressive forms, the present progressive may be used inappropriately by analogy with Hindi simple present, formed with the present participle and present auxiliary: We are not understanding what she means. (for We don’t understand what she means.) The present progressive Hindi is used to say how long a present state of affairs has been going on: How long are you living in England?†[6] Part Three I have identified 2 areas of weaknesses, Grammar and Pronunciation. Grammar activity I have chosen the Grammar activity from ‘‘Language in Use’ by Adrian Doff & Christopher Jones, CUP, Unit 11, pg 48 & 50. (see attached) I would use the attached activity on ‘What’s going on’ for learners to practice with Present simple/continuous (ing) form. This activity is useful as learners omit the (ing) form when speaking and writing. This is due to word order with South Asian language as they tend to omit the ing after the verb. This would be introduced at the start of the lesson with pictures on the whiteboard and elicit what they are doing. They can then think of an action and write on paper. They would then learn how to make the ing form by using basic rule of adding ing to verbs and verbs ending in e; removing (e) etc. They will then complete the exercise on pg 50. Rationale This exercise would be useful as learners all understand the simple verbs and have come across before. This activity is good as it’s simple and clear with visuals; there is also a listening activity which will help learners understand more. I will give explanation on this topic followed by exercises using speaking and listening, which should address this weakness. Pronunciation activity I have chosen the following activity from ‘Language in Use’ by Adrian Doff & Christopher Jones, CUP, pg 81-82. (see attached). I have identified the use of can/can’t in simple sentences. Learners do not stress enough to differentiate between the two; they need to pronounce can’t /ka:nt/ (stressed) with an open mouth this is very important as they don’t convey the wrong meaning of what is being said. This will require a lot of practice listening, speaking and eliciting more from learners during lesson. Rationale The exercise I have chosen is about a woman and what she can/can’t do. Learners will listen to the pronunciation of can/can’t and observe the difference carefully. I would also ask learners to look and observe at the mouth opening more and explain the long vowel in /ka:nt/. Learners are explained the stress and the open r in /ka:nt/. There will be lots of drilling chorally and individually. This would be done mid-way through the lesson after introducing the Grammar and listening to audio. Learners have understood the weak form and open r in /ka:nt/ but have little practice pronouncing the stress form. More listening, drilling and getting learners to speak in pairs and in class should address this problem.